The famous ancient Greek healer Hippocrates said: "We are what we eat! "He was right in many things, meaning by this the culture of food consumption, its usefulness or harm in relation to the human body. Therefore, some products are important for the full normal functioning of all organs and systems, while others, on the contrary, reduce the quality of life and lead to serious diseases, for example, pancreatitis. In this case, a proper balanced diet is the cure, preventing the possibility of recurrence.
Pancreatitis is an inflammatory process that occurs in the pancreas. This organ plays an important role in the function of the digestive tract. Its main function is the production of insulin, as well as the digestive enzymes necessary for the breakdown and digestion of nutrients:
trypsin, for protein digestion;
lipase, to process fat;
lactase, maltase, amylase, invertase, which ensure the transformation of complex carbohydrates into monosaccharides.
Normally, pancreatic juice, saturated with enzymes, enters the duodenum through the duct, where the main stage of food digestion takes place. Pathology occurs when the secretion of enzymatic fluid is too active, its quantity becomes such that it cannot physiologically "quickly" migrate from the gland. Stagnation occurs when digestive enzymes interact with pancreatic cells, leading to their death, stimulating inflammation.
In most cases, pancreatitis is the result of excessive and frequent consumption of alcohol, fat, and heavy food. Such a diet leads to the fact that the pancreas always works in an enhanced mode, producing an excessive amount of enzymes, which have a toxic effect not only on the organ itself, but also on other life support systems, entering the systemic bloodstream.
A similar reaction may occur when taking certain medications.
Another common cause of this disease is partial or complete obstruction of the pancreatic duct. This may be due to the formation of stones (in the case of cholelithiasis), the formation of cysts, tumors, injuries, and in rare cases - with structural anomalies. Less commonly diagnosed are cases of disease development due to parasitism by pathogenic microorganisms and other gastrointestinal pathologies (cholecystitis, cholangitis, etc. ).
General rules
There are two main forms of pathology: acute and chronic. In the first case, the symptoms are most noticeable: there is severe pain on the left side, radiating to the forearm, frequent vomiting, and hyperemia. Attacks usually occur after eating fried or spicy foods or alcoholic beverages. In this case, immediate hospitalization and urgent treatment are required to stabilize the situation as soon as possible and avoid dangerous complications such as pancreatic necrosis and multi-organ failure.
In the first 2-3 days after the attack, it is forbidden to eat any food to stop the production of enzyme secretion. During this period, the body is fed through drips.
Drinking is allowed as desired, but in small portions. The use of mineral or boiled water, weakly brewed tea, and rosehip decoction is allowed. After the pain subsides, the patient gradually switches to a normal diet. It is important not to overload the gland and give it time to recover, so the diet should be as gentle as possible. You should eat food in portions of no more than 150 g up to 6 times a day.
All dishes are prepared in liquid or semi-liquid form (soup, puree, porridge) by boiling or steaming and cooled to a warm temperature before serving. Gradually, the diet is expanded, adding more high-calorie and non-chopped foods. Further nutrition for pancreatitis still remains fractional and economical.
With chronic diseases, the clinical picture is not so bright. The pathology, in this case, has affected most of the glandular tissue, which leads to a serious disturbance in the function of the organ, especially in the full production of enzymes. Persistent digestive disorders are observed: diarrhea, flatulence, changes in the nature of stools, but no pain occurs. However, during exacerbations, symptoms become more intense and are accompanied by severe pain.
Dietary adjustments are made based on the same principles as for acute pancreatitis. After a three-day fast, the patient switched to fractional low-calorie food (protein - 60 g, fat - 50 g per day). This regimen is indicated for a period of 5 to 7 days. Further, the nature of the food changes depending on the condition of the patient. Priority is given to protein, the amount of fat remains low. Liquid food is supplemented with viscous, which is finely chopped; Cooking by boiling or baking is allowed.
Daily salt intake should not be more than 6 g (for any form of pathology).
Why follow a diet for pancreatitis?
An acute attack of this disease is a serious damage to the health of the gland. Only in isolated cases, the organ recovers completely without any consequences. As a rule, such disorders do not disappear without a trace, especially if a person again abuses alcohol or eats improperly. The transition to the chronic form is a dangerous condition; it will never fully recover. In this case, the affected gland cannot produce the required amount of enzymes; regular use (often lifelong) of drug analogs is required.
Dietary nutrition for pancreatitis is mandatory. The main goal is to relieve the diseased organ, reduce hypersecretion, and prevent relapse. Difficult to digest, long-digested foods that require increased pancreatic juice production are excluded from the menu. The diet is selected in such a way as to ensure the normal functioning of the pancreas and maximum recovery of damaged tissue.
Diet plays an important role in the prevention of diabetes. There is a special area in the gland, called the islets of Langerhans, where a certain hormone, insulin, is produced. If inflammation affects this formation, then the generation of hormones decreases, which can eventually lead to the development of endocrine diseases. Poor nutrition, in this case, is considered a predisposing factor.
Approved products for pancreatitis
After the symptoms become weak, the patient is shown diet table No. 5p. There are two options - basic and advanced. The first is prescribed for the chronic course of the pathology in the active phase and in the case of acute attacks. It is relatively limited and consists mainly of easily digestible carbohydrates.
Improved nutrition for pancreatitis is the adjustment of the carbohydrate diet by adding protein products. Their daily content in food is not more than 125 g. At the same time, the amount of fat used should not exceed 70 g. In addition, the amount of other nutrients necessary for health is taken into account:
vitamin A - 10 mg;
vitamin B - from 2 to 10 mg;
vitamin C - up to 150 g;
calcium - 0. 8 g;
sodium - 3 g;
phosphorus - 1. 3 g;
magnesium - 0. 5 g;
iron - 0. 03 g.
All this shows that the daily menu is not only healthy, but also varied due to the use of various permitted products.
Vegetables: potatoes, cucumbers, cauliflower, seaweed, green beans, pumpkin, zucchini, celery, carrots. Many controversies arise among nutritionists regarding the use of beets. It is a well-known fact that boiled root vegetables are healthy, but the high content of betaine and sugar in them questions the safety of their use as food for inflammation of the pancreas.
Vegetables are eaten pureed, in puree form, as part of the first course. A gradual transition to coarser grinding is allowed.
Fruits, berries: apple, pear, pomegranate, peach, strawberry, raspberry. Baked products (apples), steamed, or various delicacies (without sugar) are prepared from them: preserves, jams, mousses, marshmallows, marmalades, jellies.
Meat (lean): turkey, chicken, rabbit, beef (fillet or tenderloin). The product can be consumed after the patient's condition has stabilized. It is used to cook soups, puréed soups, prepare steamed cuts, quenelles, meatballs, and soufflés.
fish: pike perch, pike, carp, perch, hake, pollock, cod, whiting. Served in boiled pieces or processed into minced meat for steaming.
Dairy products (low fat): milk, kefir, yogurt, cottage cheese, cream, yogurt. Fermented milk drinks are drunk little by little during the day, porridge is cooked with milk, and cottage cheese is used for casseroles and puddings.
Separately, it is worth mentioning cheese. Only soft cheeses that are salted are allowed to be eaten: feta cheese, suluguni, etc. This product is added crushed to food during cooking.
Grains: semolina, rice, buckwheat, oats. Grains ground into flour are best.
Pasta: anywhere. Prepare according to the instructions, priority is given to small items.
Eggs: chicken, quail. It is eaten boiled (mashed), boiled (rare) or as an omelette.
bread: wheat (yesterday), with bran, crackers, biscuits.
Oil: creamy (up to 30 g per day), vegetables (flax seeds, olives, refined sunflowers) are gradually introduced into the menu.
Drinks: weak tea, compote, liquid juice from non-acidic berries, fruits, still mineral water.
All food is prepared immediately before eating. "Frying" vegetable soup is prohibited.
Products are fully or partially restricted
Unfortunately, a dangerous disease dictates its own strict rules by which the patient must live. First of all, it concerns the daily diet. To avoid the possibility of recurrence and worsening of the condition in the future, you need to permanently stop consuming certain foods. Of course, this is hard to accept, but the price of poor nutrition during pancreatitis is often the patient's life.
Dieting should not be considered a severe test. The number of things you can eat is not so small, and in all parts of the food table. In addition, if the patient feels well, nutrition for pancreatitis can be expanded by introducing foods that are not included in the main diet (some seasonal vegetables, fruits, etc. ). Its use must be strictly limited, carefully monitoring the body's reaction. If any, even mild, symptoms occur that indicate a possible attack, new foods that are included in the diet are immediately excluded.
The patient's diet does not contain high-fat foods. First of all, this concerns meat (pork, lamb, duck, goose, offal). Any semi-finished meat products and sausages are also prohibited. The latter poses a certain potential danger, as it includes a large number of chemical flavoring additives that irritate the entire digestive system. An exception is sausage or ham made from diet chicken meat, which is sometimes eaten in small quantities.
Varieties of fatty sea and river fish (salmon, beluga, sturgeon, sterlet, etc. ), as well as caviar, rolls, and sushi are excluded. Consumption of fish dishes with moderate fat content and seafood is allowed (no more than 2 times a week).
The diet menu does not contain vegetables with coarse fiber, high acidity: white cabbage, radish, rutabaga, turnip, turnip, spinach, dark chocolate, corn, asparagus, eggplant. You cannot serve pickles, pickles, pickled vegetables, ginger, olives, or dishes prepared with garlic and onions. The product must be thermally processed before consumption; it should not be eaten raw. Sweet tomatoes can be used with caution in the diet if there are no signs of pancreatic inflammation.
Fruits and berries contain a large amount of acid, causing increased secretion of pancreatic fluid. Therefore, its use is undesirable, especially during the recovery period after an attack. Citrus fruits, persimmons, melons, fresh berries, and their juices are prohibited. Dried fruits are allowed to a limited extent.
The use of mushrooms and legumes is excluded. This product is a source of a large amount of vegetable protein, which helps activate the pancreas. In addition, unwanted disturbances of other organs of the gastrointestinal tract are possible: increased gas formation, constipation, which is very problematic for people with pancreatitis.
Hard-to-digest foods made from grains are prohibited: grains, barley, peas and pearl barley. The consistency of the finished cereal should be semi-liquid and viscous, it is not recommended to eat it in a brittle form.
Fat milk, as well as its derivatives (cottage cheese, kefir, sour cream) are very undesirable. Hard, salty, sharp cheese and cheese products are prohibited.
When preparing food, you should not use any spices or serve factory-made sauces: mayonnaise, ketchup, mustard, etc. Cooking by frying is strictly prohibited. Fried foods (including stir-fried vegetables for soup) are saturated with many carcinogens and other harmful substances that have a depressing effect on the overall functioning of the digestive tract. Regular consumption of such food can trigger new attacks. The same goes for any smoked meat or canned fish. You can not leave the fish in a little water, because. . . this releases extractive substances that require increased pancreatic juice production.
It is forbidden to eat fresh bread, bread and sweet products. Such foods are a source of large amounts of carbohydrates, which promote the activity of diseased organs and increase the release of insulin. In combination with cooking fat (margarine, etc. ), this is a serious and unacceptable load for pancreatitis. Therefore, you should also not eat cake, pastry, ice cream, chocolate, or honey.
Any alcohol is strictly prohibited, as well as strong coffee, carbonated drinks, cocoa, and green tea.
Sample menu for a week for pancreatitis
Nutrition for pancreatitis in the acute phase is quite poor, but necessary to relieve inflammation. 6-time meal plan set:
Breakfast. Soft porridge with water is better; if there are no symptoms, with liquid milk. You can complete your meal with a piece of buttered toast.
Lunch. As a rule, it includes unleavened cottage cheese or cheesecake, jelly, and fruit puree.
dinner. Light soup and vegetable soup are served as the first course. For the second course - meat or fish soufflé, steamed cut with whole grains and vegetables.
Afternoon snack. The composition is similar to the second snack.
dinner. This dish should be light, but with sufficient protein content. Boiled fish, meat pate with side dishes are suitable.
For tonight. From food - a glass of kefir or low-fat yogurt.
Depending on the patient's condition, the daily menu is supplemented with other dishes from the list of allowed products.
Monday
Pureed rice porridge, rosehip infusion.
Baked apples with dried apricots.
Chicken consommé with croutons, fish soufflé.
Kissel, cookie.
Turkey meatballs, pumpkin and carrot puree.
Kefir.
Tuesday
Buckwheat porridge, tea with milk.
Low-fat cottage cheese (100 g), apple mousse.
Vegetable puree soup, steamed beef balls.
Compote, a piece of soft and slightly salty cheese.
Stewed pike perch with potatoes.
Ryazhenka.
Wednesday
Oatmeal in water with dried fruit.
Yogurt.
Rice soup with carrots, bread with cheese.
Fruit jam.
Cottage cheese casserole with pears, wheat bread.
Yogurt.
Thursday
Steam omelette (white), sandwich with butter, tea.
Curd pudding.
Fish soup, rabbit soufflé with carrot garnish.
Kefir, fruit jelly.
Steamed chicken pieces with cauliflower puree.
Condensed milk.
Friday
Steamed cheesecake, rosehip drink.
Baked apple.
Pumpkin cream soup, turkey roll with vegetables.
Yogurt.
Beef stew, carrot pudding.
Tea without sugar.
Saturday
Boiled egg whites, kefir.
Fruit puree, cookies.
Homemade noodles with vegetable soup, pieces of turkey.
Cottage cheese.
Pasta with green beans, compote.
Varenets.
Sunday
Semolina porridge with butter.
apple mousse.
Chicken stew with potato dumplings, fish dumplings.
Vegetable puree.
Steamed turkey with zucchini and carrot side dish.
Milk (low fat).
Diet recipes
Rice porridge with pumpkin
You need to:
Broken round grain rice - half a glass;
pumpkin - 300 g;
half milk and half with water - only 1 glass;
sugar - 1 teaspoon;
salt.
Cut the pumpkin, which has been peeled and seeded, into pieces, boil in a little water until soft, rub through a sieve. Another option is possible: grate the vegetables and add them to the pan with the rice.
Add the cereal to the boiling liquid milk and cook for 15 minutes. Then add pumpkin puree, sugar, and add a little salt. Stir and leave on fire for another 2-3 minutes. It is better to eat porridge when it has stood for 20-30 minutes.
Meatball and Cauliflower Soup
ingredients:
turkey or chicken fillet - 300 g;
fresh egg whites - 2 pcs. ;
potatoes - 3 pcs. ;
carrot - 1 piece;
cauliflower - 300 g;
water - 2-2. 5 l;
salt.
Make minced meat. Knead until well mixed with egg whites and form meatballs the size of walnuts. Put cabbage, previously disassembled into small inflorescences, and grated carrots into boiling water. After 5 minutes, add potatoes, cut into small cubes. When the vegetables are cooked, add the meatballs to the soup, add salt and stir. Let it boil on low heat for 5-7 minutes.
If the disease worsens, you can prepare a softer cream soup. In this case, the meatballs are shapeless. Minced meat (without protein) is added to cooked vegetables, mixed, cooked for 5-7 minutes, after which the contents of the pan are purified with a blender. Pour the egg whites in a thin stream, while stirring them into the soup.
Chicken souffle
Products:
skinless chicken breast - 500 g;
milk - 1 glass;
egg white - 2 pcs. ;
vegetable oil (to lubricate the mold);
salt.
Preheat the oven to 180 °C. Pass the breast through a meat grinder twice, mix with egg white and milk, add salt. Beat the minced meat with a blender until smooth. Grease a heatproof dish with oil and fill with the meat mixture. Bake for 30 minutes without opening the oven.
Cut the steamed fish
You need to:
white fish fillet (cod, pollock, perch) - 500 g;
whites of 2 eggs;
salt.
Grind the fish into minced meat, add salt, combine with egg white, and knead until combined. Cut shape. Place them on a wire rack placed in a deep pan of boiling water and keep them on a steamer until cooked (25-30 minutes). You can use a slow cooker for this.
Broccoli omelette
ingredients:
raw white - 4 pcs (or 2 eggs);
broccoli - 200 g;
milk - 0. 5 cups;
water;
salt;
oil for lubrication.
Wash the cabbage, cut into slices, cook covered for 10 minutes. Beat white (egg) with milk and salt until foamy. Place the boiled vegetables in a fireproof pan, greased with oil, pour the egg-milk mixture, and put in the oven heated to 180 °C. Bake for 10 minutes. In acute cases of this disease, cabbage inflorescences are crushed into pulp.
For children
This disease is rarely diagnosed in childhood. However, an acute attack is possible if the child suffers from substance abuse, previously had a severe viral infection, abdominal trauma, or has been subjected to long-term drug therapy (hormones, tetracycline). This disease often manifests itself together with other gastrointestinal pathologies, for example, gastritis. Diet therapy, in this case, should take into account the nature of the underlying disease.
Nutrition for pancreatitis in children is the same as in adults, and is carried out according to the same scheme: the first week - a strict menu, the softest, then the weekly schedule is gradually diversified, subject to good digestion and the absence of distractions. symptoms.
It is important to remember that a growing child's body needs the necessary amount of nutrients, including fat. Therefore, in order not to burden the glands, children receive the necessary dose of enzymes artificially, i. e. with the help of medicines.
The daily menu must necessarily consist of vegetables, fruits (in the stage of remission they can be eaten fresh, but with caution), fermented milk products, liquids, viscous porridge, soups, as well as meat and boiled lean fish. A strict diet after an attack must be followed for a month, an extended diet for at least 5 years, and in the form of a chronic disease it is necessary to adhere to the nutritional schedule for life.
To conceive
Pancreatitis in women during pregnancy can be worse when taking certain vitamin complexes or as a result of the internal pressure exerted on the gland by the growing uterus. Nutrition for pancreatitis in this case should follow the diet, but taking into account all the nutritional needs necessary for the full development of the fetus.
Advantages and disadvantages
Following a diet is key to the health of not only the pancreas, but also the entire digestive system. Such a diet is balanced, healthy, easier and more fully digestible. In addition, despite the restrictions, the diet is quite diverse and allows you to combine different foods in a meal, thus providing a spacious and nutritious table. However, it takes time to get used to this diet. For many patients, this is not a consumer obstacle but a psychological obstacle, because many familiar "tasty" products have to be abandoned. But this is necessary to maintain a chance for a normal life.
Comment from a nutritionist
Treatment of pancreatitis with the help of diet is aimed, first of all, at the maximum unloading of the affected gland. It is important to stop the production of excessive secretion of enzymes. However, according to nutritionists, from time to time it is necessary to provide the digestive organs with complete rest. During this period, the affected organ is most susceptible to regeneration, because it functions "sleep".
For this purpose, therapeutic fasting is carried out (complete refusal of food). Usually, this regimen is observed for 24 hours, but can be increased if the patient feels well and under the supervision of a doctor. Long-term food abstinence (more than 7 days) requires hospitalization.
A gentler option is a fasting day. Nutritionists recommend taking it at least once a week. From the list of allowed dishes, one is selected, for example, porridge or vegetable puree. It is prepared in such quantities that it can be divided into several meals. No other products are consumed.
Reviews and results
Only with strict adherence to the rules of the treatment schedule can the positive dynamics of stable remission be observed.
Any, even small, violation of the diet can negate all the efforts made before, triggering a new round of the disease. How this can happen to the patient, no doctor will say in advance, but, in any case, the consequences will be the most disappointing. Reviews from patients with pancreatitis only confirm this. That is why it is so important to eat right. The main thing is to take it easy, study your body and understand what is acceptable and what is bad. An excellent motivation in this matter is the strong support of loved ones.
price
The average weekly diet food basket costs from 20 to 40 dollars.